CVE-2026-22819

Description

### Summary This vulnerability allows a user i.e a free plan user to get more than the desired subdomains due to lack of db transaction lock mechanisms in `https://github.com/akinloluwami/outray/blob/main/apps/web/src/routes/api/%24orgSlug/subdomains/index.ts` ### Details - The affected code-: ```ts //Race condition const [subscription] = await db .select() .from(subscriptions) .where(eq(subscriptions.organizationId, organization.id)); const currentPlan = subscription?.plan || "free"; const planLimits = getPlanLimits(currentPlan as any); const subdomainLimit = planLimits.maxSubdomains; const existingSubdomains = await db .select() .from(subdomains) .where(eq(subdomains.organizationId, organization.id)); if (existingSubdomains.length >= subdomainLimit) { return json( { error: `Subdomain limit reached. The ${currentPlan} plan allows ${subdomainLimit} subdomain${subdomainLimit > 1 ? "s" : ""}.`, }, { status: 403 }, ); } const existing = await db .select() .from(subdomains) .where(eq(subdomains.subdomain, subdomain)) .limit(1); if (existing.length > 0) { return json({ error: "Subdomain already taken" }, { status: 409 }); } const [newSubdomain] = await db .insert(subdomains) .values({ id: crypto.randomUUID(), subdomain, organizationId: organization.id, userId: session.user.id, }) .returning(); ``` - The first part of the code checks the user plan and determine his/her existing_domains without locking the transaction and allowing it to run. ```ts const existingSubdomains = await db .select() .from(subdomains) .where(eq(subdomains.organizationId, organization.id)); ``` - The other part of the code checks if the desired domain is more than the limit. ```ts if (existingSubdomains.length >= subdomainLimit) { return json( { error: `Subdomain limit reached. The ${currentPlan} plan allows ${subdomainLimit} subdomain${subdomainLimit > 1 ? "s" : ""}.`, }, { status: 403 }, ); } ``` - Finally, it inserts the subdomain also after the whole check without locking transactions. ```ts const [newSubdomain] = await db .insert(subdomains) .values({ id: crypto.randomUUID(), subdomain, organizationId: organization.id, userId: session.user.id, }) .returning(); ``` - An attacker can exploit this by making parallel requests to the same endpoint and if the second request reads row `subdomains` before the `INSERT` statement of request one is made.It allows the attacker to act on a not yet updated row which bypasses the checks and allow the attacker to get more subdomains.For example-: ``` Parallel request 1 Parallel Request 2 | | checks for Checks the not yet updated available subdomain row and bypasses the logic checks and determines if it is more than limit | | Inserts subdomain and calls it a day Also inserts the subdomain ``` - The attack focuses on exploiting the race window between reading and writing the db rows. ### PoC - Intercept with Burp proxy,pass to `Repeater` and create multiple requests in a single batch with different subdomain names as seen below. Lastly, send the requests in `parallel`. <img width="1844" height="855" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/f46d5993-31bd-4b96-902a-b2de5b0518bd" /> - Result-: <img width="1905" height="977" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4c877de2-4b55-46f4-9f1c-78590dfebefc" /> ### Impact The vulnerability provides an infiinite supply of domains to users bypassing the need for subscription

Affected packages (1)

• npm/outrayfrom 0, < 0.1.5

CVSS scores

References (6)

• ADVISORYhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22819
• PATCHhttps://github.com/akinloluwami/outray
• WEBhttps://github.com/akinloluwami/outray/security/advisories/GHSA-45hj-9x76-wp9g
• WEBhttps://github.com/outray-tunnel/outray/commit/08c61495761349e7fd2965229c3faa8d7b1c1581
• WEBhttps://github.com/outray-tunnel/outray/commit/73e8a09575754fb4c395438680454b2ec064d1d6
• WEBhttps://github.com/outray-tunnel/outray/security/advisories/GHSA-45hj-9x76-wp9g